How is the cargo usually packed for transport?

Usually the goods are folded and packed on pallets.
Паллета и паллета с упаковкой

What size pallets are commonly used?

Euro pallet - 120 cm х 80 cm (most often!)
Industrial pallet - 120 cm х 120 cm
Finnish pallet - 120 cm х 100 cm

Where to look and how to find out the product code (Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activity Commodity Nomenclature/FEACN codes)?

RUS (unofficial source) / LV (official source) / ENG (official source)

What trucks are commonly used to transport goods?

How to calculate load metres (LDM) correctly?

Where can I see the queues at the borders?

LV-BY (LV border) /  LV/LT/PL/UA-BY (BY border) /  LV-RUS (LV border) / LV-RUS (RUS border) / EE-RUS (EE border)

What kind of goods can be exported and imported into Russia by European land transport?

An exception to the rules of 1st paragraph of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2022 on the prohibition of the movement of goods across the territory of the Russian Federation by European transport includes: live animals, food, fish, dairy products, live trees and plants, drinks, tobacco, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, household goods, chemicals, plastics, paper and paper products, metal products, ceramic products, glass, machines, watches, musical instruments.
FEACN (Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activity Commodity Nomenclature) codes: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 11, 13, 15, 16, 1704, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 2710 19, 28, 29, 30, 3104, 32, 33, 340130, 3402 11, 340212, 3402 13, 3402 20, 3402 31, 3402 41, 3402 42, 3402 50, 3402 90, 35, 3808, 3823 19, 3824 99, 39, 4014 10, 48, 4908 90, 4911 99, 69, 70, 7217 30, 7229 90, 7304, 7306, 7308, 84, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92.
All other goods which are coming from the EU countries can be exported and imported into the territory of the Russian Federation only on condition that its movement through the territory of the Russian Federation will be carried out by road transport belonging to the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

The official document about the ban on transportation, exceptions, changes and other useful information can be found on the website of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.